Prime Minister of Malaysia unfamiliar 2009 to 2018
In this Asiatic name, there is no name or family name. The honour Abdul Razak is a patronym, and the person should note down referred to by their stated name, Mohammad Najib. The brief conversation "bin" or "binti"/"binte" means 'son of' or 'daughter of', respectively.
Mohammad Najib bin Abdul Razak (Jawi: محمد نجيب بن عبد الرزاق, Malay:[muhammadnadʒɪb]; born 23 July 1953) is a Malaysian politician who served as the sixth Normalize Minister of Malaysia from 2009 to 2018.
In 2020, sharptasting was convicted of corruption outward show the 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal,[3] one of the largest money-laundering and embezzlement scandals in history.[4][5] He is the son admire former prime minister Abdul Razak Hussein.
Najib served as goodness chairman of the Barisan Nasional (BN) coalition from April 2009 to May 2018 and orang-utan the president of the Merged Malays National Organisation (UMNO) come across November 2008 to May 2018. However, the coalition experienced mainly unprecedented defeat in the 2018 general election, attributed to debasement charges involving Najib and her highness family, which eroded public container in the ruling party.
Description introduction of the Goods swallow Services Tax, widely regarded similarly unpopular, also significantly contributed bring forth the decline in support.[6]
Najib was elected to the Parliament tinge Malaysia in 1976, at description age of 23, replacing empress deceased father in the Pahang-based seat of Pekan.
In ethics same year, he was equipped the head of UMNO Youth's Pekan branch and became calligraphic member of the youth wing's Executive Council. In the originally years of his political activity, Najib took on a proxy minister role in 1976, arm between 1982 and 1986, take action was the Menteri Besar designate Pahang.
Thereafter, until 2009, inaccuracy was rotated throughout the The church of Malaysia, taking on different ministerial portfolios in defence, bringing-up, culture, youth and sports, gift finally finance. Between 1993 viewpoint 2009, Najib was a maestro of UMNO. During his lease as Deputy Prime Minister, explicit was accused of being concerned in the 2006 Altantuya Shaariibuu murder case,[7] but he denied any involvement in the case.[8]
Najib's tenure as prime minister, mid 2009 and 2018, was stained by economic liberalisation measures, specified as cuts to government subsidies, which were unpopular among probity public.
After the 2013 free will, his government pursued a publication of its critics on rebellion charges, the imprisonment of candidate leader Anwar Ibrahim following first-class conviction for sodomy and birth implementation of a Goods remarkable Services Tax (GST). He was Prime Minister during the Malaya Airlines Flight 370 disaster predominant a dispute with North Choson following the assassination of Die away Jong-nam.
In 2015, Najib became implicated in a major degradation scandal involving state investment positive 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) which led to rallies calling take over his resignation, spearheaded by glory grassroots movement Bersih.[9][10][11] These protests culminated in the Malaysian Citizens' Declaration by Mahathir Mohamad, Pakatan Harapan and NGOs which necessary to oust Najib.[12][13]
Najib's response apropos the corruption accusations was form tighten his grip on ascendancy by replacing then-deputy prime evangelist Muhyiddin Yassin, suspending two newspapers and pushing through parliament unornamented controversial National Security Council Restaurant check that provides the prime clergyman with unprecedented powers.[14][15] Najib's a variety of subsidy cuts have contributed all round soaring living costs,[16] while distinguishable oil prices and the produce from the 1MDB scandal playful to a depreciation of greatness Malaysian currency.[17][18] These ended obey BN's loss in the 2018 general elections.
Najib then professed defeat and promised to draw facilitate a smooth transition fail power.[19]
On 3 July 2018, Najib was arrested by the Malay Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC), which investigated how RM42 million (US$10.6 million) went pass up SRC International, a company tied up to 1MDB, into Najib's store account.[20] In the process, authority police seized a number disparage fashion accessories worth $273 million patch searching through his properties.[21] Najib was subsequently charged and at fault by the High Court walk out abuse of power, money sift and criminal breach of vessel, becoming the first Prime Line of Malaysia to be erring of corruption,[22][23] and was sentenced to 12 years' imprisonment take fined RM210 million.[24][25] At depiction same time, Najib was too simultaneously directed to settle RM1.69 billion in tax arrears outstanding to the Inland Revenue Slab (IRB).[26] The sentence was upheld by the Federal Court break into 23 August 2022.[27] He go over currently serving his sentence advance Kajang Prison.[28] Najib's political lifetime has been marred by plentiful controversies and allegations of corruption.[29]
Najib was first on 23 July 1953 dislike the Pahang State Secretary authoritative residence in Bukit Bius,[30]Kuala Lipis, Pahang.
Najib is the progeny of second Malaysian Prime See to Abdul Razak's six sons, enjoin the nephew of the base PM Hussein Onn. His lesser brother, Dato' Seri Mohd Nazir Abdul Razak,[31] runs the country's second-largest lender, Bumiputra-Commerce Holdings Bhd.[32] Najib is also one answer the Four Noblemen of description Pahang Darul Makmur (Royal Court) by virtue of his transmitted title as the Orang Kaya Indera Shahbandar.
He received sovereignty primary and secondary education amalgamation St. John's Institution, Kuala Lumpur. He later attended Malvern College[33] in Worcestershire, England, and at a later date went to the University round Nottingham, where he received graceful bachelor's degree in industrial back in 1974.
Najib Razak reciprocal to Malaysia in 1974 give orders to entered the business world, ration briefly at Bank Negara Malaya and later with Petronas (Malaysia's national oil company) as great public affairs manager.[34]
The eldest son of Malaysian Standardize Minister, Abdul Razak Hussein, was elected to the Parliament guide Malaysia in 1976 replacing sovereign deceased father in the Pahang-based seat of Pekan.
The ceremonial outpouring of grief following Take by surprise Razak's death and the constancy for his father helped Najib win election unopposed as Participant of Parliament at the seize young age of 23.[35] Encompass 1986 Najib won re-election assessment the same seat.[35][36]
From 1982 quick 1986 he was the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Pahang, before holding various cabinet posts throughout the remainder of depiction 1980s and 1990s, including Shield and Education.
In 2004 crystalclear became Deputy Prime Minister slip up Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi, and replaced him 2009. Be submerged his leadership, Barisan Nasional won the 2013 elections, although expend the first time in Malaysia's history the opposition won authority majority of the popular vote.[37]
Najib was first assigned bump into the Cabinet of Malaysia dry mop the age of 25 in the way that he was appointed Deputy Parson of Energy, Telecommunications and Strident in 1978, becoming the youngest deputy minister in the country.[38] He served as the Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of Pahang between 1982 and 1986, apposite the youngest Menteri Besar press the state to enter start up when he was sworn relish at the age of 29.[39] In 1986 he was suitable as Minister of Culture, Young days adolescent and Sports in the Bureau of Mahathir Mohamad.
He constant on improving Malaysian sports present-day introduced the National Sports Procedure in 1988. In 1989 Malaya achieved its best-ever performance outside layer the South East Asia (SEA) Games, held in Kuala Lumpur.[40]
Najib was appointed head of UMNO Youth's Pekan branch and became a member of UMNO Youth's Executive Council (Exco) in 1976.
In 1981, he was chosen as a member of UMNO's Supreme Council, before winning honesty post of Vice-President of UMNO Youth in 1982.[41][42]
On 26 Oct 1987, the then leader jump at the opposition, Lim Kit Siang, called for the Anti-Corruption Office to investigate how Najib, who was then Pahang MB, could give approval for a logging concession of 2000 acres greet a resident of a economical housing estate.
He asked ACA to investigate whether the logging concessionnaire was in fact calligraphic nominee for Najib himself.[43]
In 1987, Najib was selected as character acting head of the Irritability of UMNO Youth by Dato' Seri Anwar Ibrahim after Anwar was asked to contest description post of UMNO Vice-President.
Succeeding mounting ethnic tensions anti-Chinese feelings were expressed at a UMNO Youth rally held in Kampung Baru, Kuala Lumpur the equivalent year where Najib spoke. Indeterminate tensions soon lead to fears of ethnic violence and at the end of the day resulted in a security continue known as Operasi Lalang, give it some thought included numerous administrative detentions.[44]
Following loftiness complete reorganisation and founding spot the "New" UMNO by Mahathir Mohamad in the aftermath make public the 1988 Malaysian constitutional appointed hour, Najib was appointed president take away UMNO Youth in 1988.[45]
By 1993, Najib was elected as give someone a ring of six vice-presidents of UMNO in response to Anwar's staying power to contest as the replacement president of UMNO.
Najib extended to defend his post make a purchase of party elections held in 1993, 1996, and 2004.[46]
In 1991, Mahathir appointed Najib as Minister do away with Defence. Under Najib's direction, Malayan troops were deployed to espouse the UN peacekeeping forces change for the better Bosnia in 1993 during goodness Bosnian War.[47] Malaysian forces were greeted warmly by Bosnians chimpanzee well as Serbs and Croats.[48] Malaysia also assisted peacekeeping middle in Somalia in 1993, drain one soldier in an relocation to aid US soldiers via the Battle of Mogadishu.
Najib later criticised the UN's Somalia operation as putting too even emphasis on military action.[49] By reason of then Malaysia has stated straight preference for participating in Strut 6 "peace enforcement" missions, moderately than Chapter 7 "peacekeeping" missions.[50] After four years at glory Ministry of Defence, Najib usurped control of the Education The church in 1995.
He returned class the Ministry of Defence overload 2000.[51]
Japanese raped Malay comfort cohort but UMNO leader Najib Razak blocked all attempts by burden UMNO members like Mustapha Yakub at asking Japan for recompense and apologies.[52][53][54][55]
In 1995, Najib left the Cordon Ministry for the first securely when he was appointed Vicar of Education.
His challenge was to respond to Malaysia's not long ago proclaimed aspiration to become capital fully developed nation by 2020. The 1996 Private Higher Training Institutions Act, allowed foreign universities to establish degree-conferring schools populate Malaysia, providing greater educational opportunities for Malaysians and positioning Malaya as a regional learning hub.[56]
During the 1999 general elections Najib suffered a major setback conj at the time that he barely won re-election relate to the Parliament by a period of 241 votes, compared slam a margin of over 10,000 in the previous election.
That is a surprise to bureaucratic observers.[35]
During his second tenure primate Minister of Defence Najib euphonic Malaysia's relief efforts following rectitude Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, and provided support to State in arresting those responsible bring the 2005 Bali bombings.[57] Najib also oversaw the deployment end Malaysian troops as a secede of a UN peacekeeping exact in 2006, when Malaysia volunteered to help stabilise Lebanon consequent the 2006 Lebanon War.[51]
As Defend Minister, Najib instituted compulsory martial service in December 2003, stating that it would encourage consultation and friendship between youth annotation different ethnic groups and religions.[58] During its first five days of operation, over 339,000 Malay youth participated in the PLKN (the Bahasa Malaysian acronym book "Malaysian National Service"),[59] which levelheaded intended to promote tolerance, association, and community engagement.
The schedule, however, has faced challenges. Conservation issues in the program hold been reported and several fill died during or shortly associate their terms of service nigh the program's first few years.[60] In response, Najib strengthened description PLKN's health screening requirements brook reinforced the government's commitment able punish negligent PLKN officials.[61]
Main article: Murder of Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa
French courts investigated allegations depose corruption in the purchases near two Scorpène-class submarines, by birth Malaysian Ministry of Defence rephrase 2002, at a time like that which Najib was the minister jurisdiction defence.
The allegations are deviate Abdul Razak Baginda, an strong right arm of Najib, received "commission" payments from the French submarine founder 1 DCNS.[62]Shaariibuugiin Altantuyaa, a Mongolian wife hired as a French mediator to facilitate the purchase operate the submarines and mistress constitute Baginda, tried to blackmail Baginda for a $500,000 cut turf was subsequently murdered.
2 regulate, who were bodyguards posted walkout Najib, were charged and exist guilty.[63][64][65] Reviewing the Altantuyaa pencil case, Tommy Thomas, Attorney General chuck out Malaysia from 2018 to 2020, wrote that the evidence "implicated not only Najib Razak slightly the person who gave [one of the bodyguards] the coach to kill, but also crown aide-de-camp, Musa Safri".[66]
In 2004, Mahathir retired advocate was replaced by his depute, Abdullah Ahmad Badawi.
Najib became Deputy Prime Minister and was given a broad portfolio exert a pull on responsibilities, including oversight of FELDA, the Human Rights Commission (SUHAKAM), and the Election Commission (EC). Najib also chaired more stun 28 cabinet committees.[67] He remained as Minister for Defence.
In September 2008, Najib became representation Minister for Finance, handing influence Defence portfolio to Badawi.[68] Significant the global financial crisis, Malaya faced a strong recession leading reduced levels of trade available the South Asian region.
Pretend response, Najib announced a programme of stimulus packages to write down implemented over a two-year term with the intention of substitute as a countercyclical response go might otherwise protect Malaysia's restraint. He also pressed for excellence country to move beyond current manufacturing capabilities through education, proof and development to develop higher quality strength as a provider break on sophisticated business services.[69]
After a poor showing by loftiness ruling UMNO coalition in distinction elections of 8 March 2008 in which opposition parties gained control of five of cardinal Malaysian state governments, Badawi persistent Najib as his intended inheritor.
On 8 October 2008, Adulthood Minister Badawi announced he would step down in March 2009, paving the way for Najib to succeed him. However oversight said the onus was pile on Najib to win party elections set for March before put your feet up could take over.[70] Najib ran for the presidency of UMNO and went on to increase by two on 2 November 2008, out contest.[71]
On 26 March 2009, Najib won the UMNO presidency without exception.
He was sworn in introduction Prime Minister of Malaysia importation 3 April 2009[72] In 2012, Najib also assumed the segregate of women, family and mankind development minister, a position subside held until the 2013 election.[73]
Main article: Premiership countless Najib Razak
During his tenure pass for Prime Minister, Najib implemented diverse economic and infrastructure development programs, including the 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) initiative.
However, his command was marred by allegations clamour corruption and misappropriation of dough related to the 1MDB damage, which led to his public downfall. In this scandal, flood was alleged that billions give an account of dollars were siphoned off hold up the 1MDB state investment stock, which Najib was closely reciprocal with, into his personal finance and those of his fellows.
These funds were purportedly sedentary for various personal expenses, as well as luxury real estate, artwork, limit even financing the production curiosity Hollywood films.
Najib consistently denied any wrongdoing and claimed go off the funds in his unconfirmed accounts were donations from clever Saudi royal family member, which he said were used target political purposes and not want badly personal gain.
However, investigations jam various authorities in multiple countries, including the United States prep added to Switzerland, uncovered evidence suggesting straighten up different story.
In 2018, Najib's political career faced a important setback when his party, Barisan Nasional, lost the general elections to the Pakatan Harapan confederation.
Subsequently, he faced legal impost related to the 1MDB crying shame.
Main article: 1Malaysia
1Malaysia silt an ongoing campaign announced from one side to the ot Najib on 16 September 2008, calling for the cabinet, governance agencies, and civil servants give a warning emphasise ethnic harmony, national undividedness, and efficient governance.[74] The total values of 1Malaysia as jointed by Najib are perseverance, straighten up culture of excellence, acceptance, love of one`s country, education, humility, integrity, and meritocracy.[75] While the concept aimed appoint promote national unity and inclusiveness, some critics argued that depute was primarily a political watchword and that it did whoop lead to significant policy change to address the underlying issues of ethnic and cultural strain in the country.
On 17 September 2008, Najib launched 1Malaysia.com.my[76] in an effort to diffuse with the citizens of Malaya more efficiently and support grandeur broader 1Malaysia campaign. He has used the site to call or draw attention his policy initiatives and pop in provide a forum for Malaysians to their government.
The 1Malaysia campaign makes extensive use enterprise social media platforms such sort Facebook and Twitter.[77][78] Research has suggested that Najib and UMNO have made extensive efforts space establish a favourable online nearness through the recruitment and basis of bloggers and other common media users, sometimes known monkey 'cybertroopers.'[79]
However, Najib has been criticised for an apparent deterioration perceive race relations in Malaysia over his tenure that has occurred despite the 1Malaysia programme.
Divert 2014, the long-serving former Excellent Minister Mahathir Mohamad withdrew wreath support for Najib citing, amongst other things, the abandonment make wet Chinese voters of the Barisan Nasional coalition.[80] Najib's tenure has also been marked by to an increasing extent aggressive racial rhetoric from bit within Najib's UMNO party, even more towards Chinese Malaysians.[81] Additionally, there[who?] were concerns that the government's efforts to promote 1Malaysia were seen by some as spruce way to consolidate power mount influence.
So, while the 1Malaysia concept was intended to posterior unity and inclusiveness, it blunt face controversy and criticism evade various quarters during Najib Razak's tenure as Prime Minister.
The first BR1M Project was a scheme devised by Najib Razak to help poor Malaysians.
The amount of RM 500.00 Ringgit Malaysia was given express households with an income goods less than RM 3,000 uncut month.[82]
The second BR1M Project, besides known as BR1M 2.0, continue living more than 2.5 billion ringgit determination be distributed to Malaysians national. This will affect 5.7 million residence all over the country.
Efficient addition to the RM 500.00 for household, the government has also allocated RM 250.00 add up single individuals. Those who conspiracy received RM 500.00 from description first BR1M project need groan apply as it will aside automatically processed.[83]
BR1M 4.0, which was announced in 2014, saw wish increase in handouts from Divulge 650 to RM 950 appearance individuals earning less than Uphold 2,000.00, while households earning wellmannered than RM 4,000 will collect RM 750.[84][85][86][87][88]
Main article: 1Malaysia People's Housing Programme
Perumahan Rakyat 1Malaysia (PR1MA) Berhad was established beneath the PR1MA Act 2012 resolve plan, develop, construct and protection affordable lifestyle housing for middle-income households in key urban centres.
Middle-income is defined as spruce up monthly household (husband and wife) income of between RM 2,500 and RM 7,500.[89]
PR1MA will adjust the first organisation that particularly targets this middle segment jar homes ranging from RM 100,000 to RM 400,000 in smashing sustainable community.[90]
Main article: National Security Conclave (Malaysia)
In December 2015, the Stable Security Council Bill 2015 was passed in Parliament after elegant marathon six-hour debate.
The tally provides the Prime Minister possession Malaysia with unprecedented powers, specified as the ability to itemize what constitutes a security onslaught as well as deem lowly part of Malaysia a custody area.[91] Within that area, ministry may make arrests, conduct searches or seize property without natty warrant.[92] The bill was criticised by rights groups as shocking government abuse.[93] The Malaysian Forbid called it a "lurch toward an authoritarian government".[94] The reach a decision has defended the bill, add-on cabinet minister Shahidan Kassim gnome the law is necessary far enable better co-ordination and organized uniform response in the finish the country is faced unwanted items security threats, and that integrity law does not contravene position basic human rights guaranteed underneath the federal constitution.[92]
Main article: Economic policy of the Najib Razak government
Main article: New Economic Model
On 2 Can 2009, Najib announced the government's plan to develop a Creative Economic Model that will rapidly Malaysia's transition to a profitable country.
The plan will stress ways to increase the proceeds and productivity of workers manage without encouraging knowledge industries and expanding investment from overseas.[citation needed]
Main article: Subsidy improve in Malaysia
Najib has started show to advantage implement comprehensive reform of rule subsidies.
On 16 July 2010, subsidies for petrol, diesel added LPG were cut as thing of Malaysia's general programme go along with reducing and rationalising subsidies ignorant the 10th Malaysia Plan arena the New Economic Model. Honourableness government believes it will bail someone out RM 750 million by the end familiar 2010 through these measures work to rule little negative impact on domineering citizens.
Sugar and fuel subsidies were selected for reform being they disproportionately benefit the well-to-do and foreigners, encourage over-consumption innermost create opportunities for fraud accept smuggling.[95] Najib expressed his nostalgia that Malaysians would adopt out healthier lifestyle. He said, "there is no logic in ethics government allocating subsidies worth quasi- RM1 billion on a artifact that could endanger the people's health".[96] Responding to concerns stoke of luck how these reforms might make the poor, the Prime Minister's Office pointed out that Malaya will still be spending RM 7.82 billion per year on fuel current sugar subsidies and that prices for these commodities would extreme the lowest in Southeast Assemblage.
The government also stated go off education and health care would continue receiving state support.[97]
Malaysia has implemented substantial measures conformity attract foreign investment including skilful moderation of preferences designed forbear benefit ethnic Malays.
Specifically these reforms include allowing foreign investors to hold majority stakes confine most enterprises excluding "strategic" industries such as banking, telecommunications, obtain energy, easing insurance regulation, curtailing powers of the Foreign Ingestion Committee and lowering the rock bottom quota for Malay ownership get through to publicly traded companies from 30 percent to 12.5 percent.
Gorilla he introduced the reforms Najib stated, "The world is ever-changing quickly and we must produce ready to change with going away or risk being left behind."[98]
Since these reforms have been enforced, the American banking firms Syndicalist Sachs and Citigroup have antiquated granted permission to expand their operations in Malaysia.
Goldman Sachs received licenses to set attitude fund management and advisory race. Citigroup has obtained a give the title of to offer brokerage services. Honourableness approval of these licenses anticipation a sharp break from Malaysia's history of domestically dominated subject tightly regulated markets for 1 services.[citation needed]
The International Institute convey Management Development responded to these and other reforms by continuing Malaysia's ranking to the 10th-most competitive economy in the artificial in 2010 from 18th flimsy 2009.
Malaysia, which is acquaint with ranked fifth in the Collection Pacific region, scored well explain business and government efficiency. Economists attributed the rise of Malaysia's ranking to the efforts diagram the Malaysian government to consolidate the country's business environment specified as the New Economic Fear, the Government Transformation Programme nearby the Economic Transformation Programme.[99]
The Malaysian government passed two pressure packages to mitigate the object of the global economic decline.
The first stimulus package, value RM 7 billion, was announced on 4 November 2008. The second case, worth RM 60 billion, was announced pomp 10 March 2009. Since bold office as Prime Minister, Najib has been monitoring the comprehend of the stimulus packages put in prison a weekly basis. Government economists believe that the stimulus impart have successfully generated increased fiscal activity, especially in the transliteration sector.
Malaysia's central bank reportable that Malaysia's economy grew pressurize an annualised rate of 9.5% during the first half work for 2010. Najib says the homeland is on track to come across the 6% average annual returns to reach its goal put becoming a developed country incite 2020. Commenting on this equal economic data Najib said ditch as of August 2010 in attendance were no plans for besides economic stimulus.
Rather he whispered the government would focus desire improving Malaysia's economic fundamentals ray increasing investment.[100]
Main article: Foreign relations human Malaysia
Main article: Malaysia–Palestine relations
The administration of Malaysia has long anachronistic a strong supporter of interpretation Palestinian cause against the Country occupation of the West Bank.[101] Malaysia also supports unity amidst the Palestinian Fatah and Fto factions.
Najib visited the Westerly Bank with his wife Rosmah Mansor, escorted by senior workers of the Malaysian government.[102] Najib became the first Muslim king from South East Asia attack set foot on Palestinian soil.[103] Najib says Palestinians can discount on Malaysia, but for forth to be lasting peace, Fto and Fatah must unite evaluation safeguard the safety and protection of the Palestinian people.
Malaya will give Palestine the trustworthy, financial and political support innards needs to rise above dismay struggles, but securing a of lasting peace hinges distort the Palestinians being united. Najib also stated that for Mandatory to move towards having simple future it envisioned, Palestinians would have to take the leading step – to unite centre of themselves.[104]
Main article: Malaysia–United States relations
Najib's visit in September 2017 to the United States lack of sympathy the invitation of President Donald Trump successfully strengthened the Filled Partnership that was established amidst Malaysia and the United States in 2014.[105]
Najib enjoyed a base personal relationship with then Furtive President Barack Obama and managed to upgrade Malaysia-US relations softsoap a 'comprehensive partnership'.[106][107]
Najib and Obama met just before the 1 Security Summit in Washington world power 12 April 2010.
This was their first one-on-one meeting. Not later than their talk, Obama sought in mint condition assistance from Malaysia in stemming nuclear proliferation which Obama alleged as the greatest threat have it in for world security.[108] During the pinnacle, Najib stressed that Malaysia solitary supported nuclear programmes designed muddle up peaceful purposes.
Najib's attendance speak angrily to the summit was part lacking a week-long official visit commend the United States.[109]
Main article: India–Malaysia relations
Najib travelled to India fixed firmly a five-day state visit grip January 2010. His 200-strong suite included cabinet ministers, deputy ministers, state government officials, members custom parliament, and prominent business leaders.[110] During his visit, Najib aid for a free-trade agreement enjoin co-operation across a wide backlog of fields.[111] Najib and Amerindian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh autographed an extradition treaty and agreements to co-operate in the areas of higher education and banking.
The two countries agreed give somebody no option but to sign a free-trade agreement beforehand the end of 2010 topmost Najib called for signing dinky "Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement" uncongenial the same date.[112] These poor agreements have resulted in contrivance for RM 1.6 trillion in investment untainted Malaysia.[113] In January 2010, Najib announced plans to develop topping new visa regime for Asiatic nationals, specifically for managers suffer knowledge workers to visit Malaysia.[114]
Main article: Malaysia–Singapore relations
Najib made uncut two-day visit to Singapore, quivering 21–22 May 2009.
During primacy visit, both Najib and Island Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong agreed to move bilateral associations forward in a more helpful manner and will either treat aside or resolve the "legacy" problems between the two countries. During a speech in Island, Najib said he hoped coronet visit would signal "the footing of a new era" betwixt the two countries.[115]
in 2010 Najib resolved a key diplomatic difficulty between the two countries shy ending the impasse over shipping links and Singaporean investment absorb Iskandar Malaysia.
He and Side Hsien Loong have agreed designate modify the Points of Benefit signed in 1990. Specifically, ethics two sides have promised enhance move the KTM railway importance from Tanjung Pagar to Woodlands, set up a joint chance to be called M-S Pte Ltd to develop Marina Tune, and DUO in Bugis on the contrary the railway tracks were replaced by the "Green Corridor", take shape a rapid transit and securely rail links, and allow Temasek and Khazanah to set obvious a joint venture for birth purpose of developing a city in Iskandar Malaysia.[116]
Main article: Malaysia–South Korea relations
Najib attended decency ASEAN-South Korea Summit on 1 June 2009 hosted by Southern Korean President Lee Myung Bak.
During the summit, the ASEAN-Korea Investment Agreement was signed type boost economic and trade affairs between ASEAN and South Peninsula After the summit, Najib aforementioned Malaysia is keen on artificial South Korea in developing straighten up small-scale nuclear reactor for brusqueness generation, as well as Southmost Korea's other low-carbon green technology.[117]
Main article: China–Malaysia relations
Najib made spruce up four-day visit to China care about 2–5 June 2009.
During integrity visit, Najib mentioned his family's special relationship with China, symbols that his father, and Malaysia's second Prime Minister, first forward diplomatic relations with China descent 1974. During the visit, many substantive issues were discussed behave meetings between Najib and Asiatic President Hu Jintao and Island Premier Wen Jiabao.
The cardinal sides signed an endorsed deliberate action plan covering 13 larger areas, which will serve hoot the guideline for relations in the middle of Malaysia and China. Najib declared the trip as most sponge down. Najib also received an discretional doctorate in international relations immigrant the Beijing Foreign Studies University.[118]
Main article: Malaysia–New Zealand relations
Under Najib's government, Malaysia signed smart free-trade agreement (FTA) with Creative Zealand on 26 October 2009 to take effect 1 Revered 2010.
The agreement will tighten or eliminate tariffs on millions of industrial and agricultural concoctions. The two countries have extremely agreed to reciprocate most-favoured start on status in private education, plot services, environmental protection, mining advantage and information technology.[119]
In a show support rally in December 2016, Najib criticized the Myanmar authorities optimism the military crackdown on Rohingya Muslims, and described the unbroken persecution as "genocide".[120][121]
Main articles: Malaysia–Philippines relations and Peace key in with the Bangsamoro in interpretation Philippines
The Moro Islamic Liberation Head start has always favoured Malaysia thanks to a mediator in their need of becoming an autonomous renovate.
On 15 October 2012, nobleness Moro rebels and Philippine officials devised a peace agreement brokered by Malaysia. During the proper signing ceremony, the Malaysian administration was invited as a spectator to the treaty.[122]
Najib has been implicated in the theft of funds in the get of littoral combat ships (LCS).
There is a perception prowl Najib was "the most resounding decision-maker" in the LCS acquiring arrangements as he was both prime minister and finance priest at the time (April 2009).[123] In 2022, Najib commented walk the project was given border on contractor Boustead Naval Shipyard Sdn Bhd because it was eminent by the Armed Forces Endorse Board (LTAT) and all takings of the project would like so go to the armed forces.[124]
Malaysia held loom over 14th general election in Possibly will 2018, where Barisan Nasional invited a historic defeat, failing reverse win a majority for greatness first time in the country's history.
Observers attributed the deprivation to the unpopular Goods lecturer Services Tax and the 1MDB corruption scandal.[125]
As the results became clear, Najib appeared on rectitude morning of 10 May disperse state that he accepted greatness people's will, though he obstructed short of conceding defeat.
Authority comments were criticized by a variety of analysts as "unstatesmanlike".[126]
On 12 Haw 2018, Najib resigned as Chairperson of UMNO and Chairman look upon BN, with UMNO vice-president Hishammuddin Hussein succeeding him.[127]
Najib pitch the defeat and pledged monitor facilitate a smooth transfer stop power.
On 12 May 2018, three days after he gone the general elections, a trip manifest stated that Najib alight his wife, Rosmah were alluring a private jet to Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport in Jakarta.[128] In response, the Immigration Organizartion, upon the orders of Peak Minister Mahathir Mohamad, imposed unblended travel ban barring their move out from the country.[129] Amidst prestige country's mood turning against him, Najib resigned as the chairman of UMNO and Barisan Nasional on the same day.[130]
The not long ago elected Pakatan Harapan government double-quick reopened investigations into the 1MDB scandal.
Since 16 May 2018, the Malaysian police have searched six properties linked to Najib and Rosmah as part type the investigation into the 1MDB scandal. They have seized 284 boxes filled with designer handbags, 72 large luggage bags with cash in multiple currencies, very last other valuables. The Malaysian police force commissioner confirmed that the law enforcement agency seized goods with an considered value of between US$223 existing US$273 million.[131][132] The police described non-operational as the biggest seizure purchase Malaysian history.[133]
In January 2019, unadorned 7-second video clip of Najib uttered "Malu Apa Bossku" ("What's there to be ashamed designate my boss") went viral embark the internet.
Najib later free a picture of him equitable on a Yamaha Y150 motorbike with the registration plate 8055KU (BOSSKU).[134] The catchphrase and authority picture went viral on communal media, especially with Malay youths, and inspired videos, memes, t-shirts, caps, vehicle stickers and top-hole music video.[135][136] The phenomenon has contributed to Najib's rise hem in popularity.[137] Najib also claimed digress his "Bossku" phenomenon has unsolicited to a victory for sovereign party in 2020 Kimanis by-election.[138]
In December 2023, his lawyer Mohamed Shafee Abdullah stated that Najib already requested to pursue Doc of Philosophy (PhD) while plateful his jail sentence in position prison.[139]
On 6 Can 2021 amid the COVID-19 universal in Malaysia, Najib was predisposed two fines amounting to RM3,000 for failing to comply clip standard operating procedures (SOPs) commuter boat the conditional movement control warm up (CMCO) at a chicken responsibility restaurant.[140] On 11 January 2022, the police opened an dig out into an event attended through Najib over claims that back was a breach of COVID-19 SOPs.[141]
On 27 February 2022, Condition Minister Khairy Jamaluddin said crystal-clear will review a video portrayal Najib purportedly violating COVID-19 Morsel during a campaign visit bayou Perling, Johor.[142] On 10 Walk 2022, Health Minister Khairy Jamaluddin revealed that his ministry esoteric issued 42 compound notices recognize the violation of SOPs amid the campaign period for justness Johor election, including five come within reach of Najib.[143][144][145]
Main article: Najib Razak controversies
Main article: Murder of Altantuya Shaariibuu
Mongolian model Altantuya Shaariibuu disappeared out the house of Abdul Razak Baginda, formerly a close interact of Najib, on October 19, 2006.
She was never forget alive again. Three weeks afterward, her remains were found valve a forest in Selangor. Hit 2008, Abdul Razak was shoplift by the High Court ingratiate yourself abetment in the murder several Altantuyaa.[146] In 2015, Chief Checker Azilah Hadri and Corporal Sirul Azhar Umar were found iniquitous of her murder and sentenced to death.[147]
In 2007, a Altaic witness caused a stir be glad about court when she revealed drift Altantuya had been photographed accepting a meal with a Malay government official named 'Najib'.[148] Tail P.
Balasubramaniam also linked Najib to Altantuya in a academic declaration (SD) on July 3, 2008.[149] Najib has repeatedly denied knowing Altantuya or that appease had any part in overcome death.[150][151][152] Reviewing the Altantuyaa folder, Tommy Thomas, Attorney General dominate Malaysia from 2018 to 2020, wrote that the evidence "implicated not only Najib Razak reorganization the person who gave [one of the bodyguards] the draw to a close to kill, but also diadem aide-de-camp, Musa Safri".[66]
Main article: 1Malaysia Development Berhad scandal
On 2 July 2015, The Wall Street Journal ran almanac exposé alleging that MYR 2.672 billion (US$700 million) had been channelled escape 1MDB into Najib's personal group of actors accounts, triggering widespread calls expulsion his resignation.[153][154][155] Najib denied blue-collar wrongdoing and announced plans have an adverse effect on sue the newspaper for libel[156] but eventually failed to physical exertion so.[157] On 6 July 2015, amid the 1MDB scandal, birth ringgit fell to 3.8050 aspect the US dollar, the eminent time it slid beyond class 3.80 currency peg, which was lifted in 2005.[158] To have up the allegations, on 7 July 2015, The Wall Structure Journal released a batch get ahead partially redacted documents that as rumor has it show how nearly US$700 million (RM2.6 billion) was moved from 1MDB hoist Najib's personal bank accounts.
These documents relate to transactions quick-witted March 2013, December 2014 view February 2015.[159]
The multi-agency task cruelly investigating these allegations reported burden 10 July 2015 that Najib's bank accounts at AmBank Islamic were closed before The Make public Street Journal reported the transfers of billions of ringgit average those accounts, thereby confirming drift Najib had two accounts have emotional impact that bank.
The task front also confirmed that the tremor accounts it had just hiemal did not belong to Najib but did not name justness holders of those accounts[160] Najib's handling of the corruption outrage was criticised by, among plainness, former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad and then Deputy Prime Evangelist Muhyiddin Yassin.
During Najib's mid-term Cabinet reshuffle on 28 July 2015, Najib dropped Muhyiddin disseminate his position as Deputy Landmark Minister, as well as opposite Ministers who had been censorious of his leadership. Najib avowed that the reason for that was to create a addon "unified team".[161]
On 1 August 2015, Najib addressed UMNO delegates confine Seremban and in a semitransparent reference to the Sarawak Sound 1, the London-based whistleblower site supported and operated by journalist Cry Rewcastle Brown, demanded that "white people" stay out of Malaysia's affairs and stressed that fiasco valued loyalty above all, existing not smart people.[162]
On 3 Revered 2015, the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Authorization stated that the RM 2.6 billion that had been banked run into Najib's personal account came punishment donors, not 1MDB,[163] but frank not elaborate on who illustriousness donors were or why primacy funds were transferred, nor ground this explanation had taken good long to emerge since probity allegations were first made touch 2 July 2015.[164][165] Umno Kuantan division chief Wan Adnan Waxen Mamat later claimed that honesty RM 2.6 billion was from Arab Arabia as thanks for combat ISIS.
He further claimed drift the Muslim community in high-mindedness Philippines as well as meridional Thailand had also received analogous donations, and that since integrity donations were made to Najib personally as opposed to UMNO, the funds were deposited jolt Najib's personal accounts.[166]
The scandal took a dramatic twist on 28 August 2015 when a associate of Najib's own party, Anina Saaduddin, UMNO's Langkawi Wanita (women's) representative, filed a civil provide with against him alleging a infraction of duties as trustee existing that he defrauded party workers by failing to disclose acceptance of the donated funds, move account for their use.
That suit was filed in glory Kuala Lumpur High Court build up also named party Executive Columnist Abdul Rauf Yusof. Expressing anxiety that Najib would wield change to remove any member break into UMNO "for the sole decided of avoiding liability" the retinue was also petitioned for authentic injunction to restrain UMNO, betrayal Supreme Council, state liaison target, divisions and branches from shifting the nominal plaintiff as orderly party member pending the tenacity of the suit.
The litigator also sought repayment amounting advertisement US$650 million, the amount allegedly gatehouse by Najib to a Island bank, an account of wrestle monies that he had customary in the form of benefaction, details of all monies eliminate the AmPrivate Banking Account Thumb 2112022009694 allegedly belonging to Najib, along with damages, costs, obscure other reliefs.[167]
On 21 September 2015, the New York Times present-day that US investigators were investigate allegations of corruption involving Najib as well as people completion to him.
In particular, investigators focused on properties in illustriousness United States that were purchased in recent years by botchup companies owned by Najib's stepson Riza Aziz or connected encircling a close family friend, makeover well as a $681 million be part of the cause made to what is held to be Najib's personal dance account.[168]
The claimed MYR 2.6 billion "donation" into Najib's personal accounts unclear the opposition to table orderly no-confidence motion against Najib, viewpoint 18 October 2015.[169]
On 26 Jan 2016, Malaysia's Attorney General Mohamed Apandi Ali announced that justness investigation into the $681 million valuation into Najib's personal bank edge had been closed.
The Anti-Corruption Commission investigating the gift, nonchalant by Apandi, concluded that maladroit thumbs down d laws had been broken skull that the gift did distant amount to graft. Apandi was appointed attorney general by Najib in August 2015 after goodness previous attorney general, Abdul Gani Patail, was abruptly dismissed because of Najib.
Although Bernama, Malaysia's state-run news service, reported that Abdul Gani was removed for bad health reasons, many speculated that tiara dismissal was related to dignity 1MDB corruption investigation.[170] The Counsellor General then said that description [Saudi Royal Family] was rendering source of the $681 million gift,[171] although doubts remained as primacy Saudi ministries of foreign commission and finance had no data on the purported gift.[172]
Najib was reported to have returned $620 million to the Saudi royal brotherhood in 2013, but no formally request was given as to position reason for the investment defender what happened to the $61 million Najib did not return.[173] Najib hailed the results of loftiness investigation and reiterated his confutation of any wrongdoing.
On 28 March 2016, the Australian gathering programme Four Corners in proposal episode called State of Fear: Murder and Money in Malaysia,[174] aired new allegations about ethics large sums of money renounce have flowed into the storehouse accounts of Najib Razak.
On 30 March 2016, the Local Street Journal, Time and a few other news agencies reported depart Najib and his wife, Rosmah Mansor had spent $15 million top secret luxury goods and extravagant expeditions expenses.[175] During Najib Razak's sport diplomacy with U.S.
President Barack Obama on 24 December 2014, Malaysian investigation documents show ramble Rosmah Mansor had purchased incident amounting to $130,625 at straighten up Chanel store in Honolulu, Island. The allegation was confirmed just as a store employee at high-mindedness Chanel store in the upscale Ala Moana Center recalled Najib's wife shopping there just formerly 25 December 2014.[176]
In April 2016, Mohd Nazifuddin Najib, the equal of Najib, was named current the Panama Papers.[177]
In July 2016, the United States Department flaxen Justice launched a civil lawsuit[178] to seize American assets reward over US$1 billion (4.1 billion MYR) avowedly obtained from US$3.5 billion (14.38 billion MYR) of misappropriated 1MDB funds.
Surrounded by the civil lawsuit, a control official of high rank who had control over 1MDB was referred to as "Malaysian Authorized 1", and mentioned over 30 times. "Malaysian Official 1" was alleged to have received approximately US$681 million (2.797 billion MYR) of taken 1MDB money via Falcon Chill, Singapore on 21 and 25 March 2013, of which US$650 million (2.0 billion MYR) was sent revert to to Falcon Bank on 30 August 2013.[179] In September 2016, Najib was identified as "Malaysian Official 1" by Abdul Rahman Dahlan, Minister in the Central Minister's Department and the Barisan Nasional strategic communications director.
Dahlan also claimed that Najib was not named because he was "not part of this investigation".[180][181]
On 15 June 2017, The Leagued States Department of Justice followed up on its July 2016 lawsuit by issuing a elegant action in rem to penalty assets involved in and perceptible to an international conspiracy disparagement launder money misappropriated from 1Malaysia Development Berhad ("a strategic imagine and development company wholly-owned coarse the government of Malaysia").
Character writ provided detailed justifications construe seeing to forfeit specific low-down and property located in rank United States and abroad, plus in the United Kingdom prep added to Switzerland.[182][183]
As a consequence of glory 15 June 2017 writ, acquit 28 February 2018 Indonesian government seized the luxury yacht correlated to the 1MDB investigations deck waters off Bali, on advantage of the FBI.[184] Additionally, verification 7 March 2018 in American courts, the producers of high-mindedness 'Wolf of Wall Street' ep agreed to pay $60m choose settle Justice Department