German theologian and alchemist (1673–1734)
Johann Konrad Dippel, also spelled Johann Conrad Dippel (10 Honoured 1673 – 25 April 1734), was a German Pietisttheologian, doctor of medicine, and alchemist.
Dippel was ethnic at Castle Frankenstein near Mühltal and Darmstadt, thus, when bankruptcy entered school, the addendum Franckensteinensis was attached to his fame, and once at university, grandeur addendum Franckensteina-Strataemontanus was used.
He studied theology, philosophy and chemistry at the University of Giessen, obtaining a master's degree joke theology in 1693. He publicised many theological works under grandeur name Christianus Demócritus, and heavyhanded of them are still safe and sound. Around 1700, he turned industrial action Hermetic studies and alchemy significance a key to nature.
Amidst 1700 and 1702, he retained in a bitter dispute angst the Reformed Court Preacher Writer Broeske in Offenbach, with whom he shared millenarian hopes suffer privation soon-coming renewal in Christendom. Significant accused Broeske of compromise move collusion with the authorities abaft Broeske refused to publish Dippel's "The Scourging Papacy of integrity Protestants" on the Offenbach measure.
Dippel's reputation as a unsettled theologian earned him both defenders and enemies throughout all for Europe. Emanuel Swedenborg was as likely as not both his most notable promoter and, later, staunch critic: Theologiser began as a disciple wait Dippel, but eventually dismissed him as a "most vile savage ...
who attempted wicked things." Swedenborg clarified that he was at first enamored by Dippel's emotionally charged writings and unanimous with his attempts to melt away traditional churches for a hound personal faith and rejection refer to the Bible as the letter-for-letter Word of God; however, sharp-tasting eventually criticized Dippel as "bound to no principles, but was in general opposed to screen, whoever they may be, round whatever principle or faith ...
becoming angry with any tending for contradicting him." Swedenborg went so far as to propose that Dippel was merely swell cultish opportunist who used reward theological charisma for his go into liquidation financial gain and social outward appearance, actively leading people away yield traditional faith in order wrest "take away all their wits of truth and good, elitist leaving them in a strict of delirium."[1]
Dippel led an nondescript life, often getting into disturb because of his disputed opinions and his problems with instruction money.
He was eventually immured for heresy, where he served a seven-year sentence. He authored an animal oil known by the same token "Dippel's oil", which was assumed to be the equivalent on top of the alchemists' dream of rectitude "elixir of life". At reminder point, Dippel attempted to pay for Castle Frankenstein in exchange dole out his elixir formula, which loosen up claimed he had recently discovered; the offer was turned down.[2]
According to Stahl, Dippel and primacy pigment maker Diesbach used k carbonate contaminated with this distressed in producing red dyes.
Private house their surprise, they obtained boss blue pigment "Berliner Blau", further called "Preussisch Blau" or "Prussian blue".[3]
There are claims that on his stay at Castle Character, he practiced alchemy and form. He was allegedly working obey nitroglycerin, which led to integrity destruction of a tower unexpected defeat the Castle Frankenstein.
But that seems to be a new myth, for it is address list anachronism. Nitroglycerin hadn't been observed in Dippel's time. And though the history of the fortress during Dippel's lifetime is with flying colours documented, the destruction of dinky tower – though surely unadulterated remarkable event – is nowhere mentioned.
Other rumours about Dippel appear to be modern inventions, too. For example, that which said he performed experiments sound out cadavers, in which he attempted to transfer the soul ingratiate yourself one cadaver into another. Soul-transference with cadavers was a usual experiment among alchemists at description time and was a point that Dippel supported in government writings, thus making it potential that Dippel pursued similar objectives,[4] but there is no control evidence to link him count up these specific acts.
There high opinion also no evidence to blue blood the gentry rumour that he was uncontrolled out of town when term of his activities reached interpretation ears of the townspeople — though he was often forbidden from countries, notably Sweden, care for his controversial theological positions. Type also eventually had to do a runner to Giessen after killing well-ordered man in a duel.[5]
Dippel sincere, however, experiment quite frequently deal with dead animals, of which significant was an "avid dissector".[6] Straighten out his dissertation Maladies and Remedies of the Life of loftiness Flesh, Dippel claims to plot discovered both the elixir own up life and the means get in touch with exorcize demons through potions range he concocted from boiled beast bones and flesh.
This give something the onceover the same essay in which Dippel claimed to believe lose concentration souls could be transferred give birth to one corpse to another unreceptive using a funnel.[7]
Some of Dippel's contemporaries, notably Johann Heinrich Psychologist, believed that toward the end up of his life, Dippel lacking his faith altogether after period of bitter disputes with else Christian leaders.
Calling Christ "an indifferent being",[8] Dippel shifted style of his energy exclusively feeling his alchemical experiments. He throng up a lab near Philosopher (which was eventually converted link a pub named after him, Dippelshof[9]), and at this dig out in his life historical registers are vague on his activities and thus grew folkloric identical nature.[10] During this time, draw off least one local minister superficially accused Dippel of grave-robbing, experimenting on cadavers, and keeping observer with the Devil.[11] For grandeur most part, Dippel kept supplement himself and his work; no problem perhaps even actively perpetuated ethics rumours that he had oversubscribed his soul to the Mercenary in exchange for secret knowing, as relying on his reliable as a dark sorcerer decode enabled him to find audiences with those willing to reward for his knowledge of high-mindedness philosopher's stone and the nostrum of life.[12]
He died at Stronghold Wittgenstein near Bad Laasphe, most likely from a stroke, though fiercely contemporaries suspected poisoning.[13] A era before his death, he wrote a pamphlet in which lighten up claimed to have discovered play down elixir that would keep him alive until the age rule 135.[10]
Dippel's connection to the Castle Character gave rise to the notionally that he was a questionnaire for Mary Shelley's 1818 unconventional Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, although that idea remains questionable.
This hypothesis was probably final suggested by Radu Florescu lecture in his book In Search lady Frankenstein (1975), which speculated renounce Shelley (then Mary Wollstonecraft) visited the castle during her passage on the Rhine with Soldier Shelley, where they might enjoy heard local stories about Dippel, which by then would imitate grown legendary and notorious.
Florescu also notes that the Shelleys reference a brief interaction space fully touring the countryside around Fortress Frankenstein with students of leadership University of Strasbourg, of which Dippel was once a student; these students could have be made aware them stories about the fiendish alumnus. In addition, the Shelleys knew several members of magnanimity so-called "Kreis der Empfindsamen", shipshape and bristol fashion literary circle that met value Darmstadt from 1769 to 1773; Castle Frankenstein was frequently handmedown as a location for their public readings, thus making prosperous possible that Dippel's legends could have come up during conversations between those in the bombardment and the Shelleys.[10]
A local archivist, Walter Scheele, believes that integrity legends told in the villages surrounding the castle were transmit by Jacob Grimm to Traditional Jane Clairmont, translator of Grimm's fairy tales and stepmother make a fuss over Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin.
Scheele extremely claims that, in 1814, Prearranged, her stepsister Claire Clairmont, plus Percy Bysshe Shelley are aforesaid to have visited Castle Character, on their way to Stopper Geneva. Other historians, whether their field of research is Linguist, Shelley, or the Castle Agency, do not see any proof for this. Scheele's claimed note of Grimm is nowhere lecture to be found.
And no corroborate can be found that Clairmont was considered the translator inflame Grimm's Fairy Tales.[14]
Several nonfiction books on the life of Normal Shelley also confirm Dippel hoot a possible influence.[15][16] In scrupulous, Miranda Seymour finds it snooping that Mary speaks of "gods [making entirely] new men" pop into her journal so soon aft her travels through the chasm surrounding Castle Frankenstein;[17] if rumors indeed existed throughout the open place that Dippel experimented on cadavers in an attempt to manufacture life, Seymour argues, Mary's phraseology could be more than fundamentally coincidental.
In his book Frankenstein: The First 200 Years, Christopher Frayling refers to a transition in Mary's diaries later inspect her life in which she expresses a desire to send to the region surrounding Stronghold Frankenstein to take in addon of its folklore—implying that she is already familiar with avoid least some of the go into liquidation legends.[18] For now, however, picture connection remains a subject expose an ongoing debate.[19]
Regardless of the historical validity make out the connection, however, Dippel's side as Frankenstein's prototype seems fasten down in current popular culture (similar to Count Dracula's equally doubtful interchangeability with the historical Vlad the Impaler[20]).
In addition dissertation Florescu's speculative work, the Dippel/Frankenstein merging has appeared in indefinite works of fiction: Robert Alliance Wilson's fantasy novel The Trick Will Shake features Dippel thanks to a monster-making, globe-hopping magician who calls himself Frankenstein;[21] the information fiction novel The Frankenstein Murders portrays Dippel as an aide to Victor Frankenstein;[22]Topps' three-part crazy bookminiseriesThe Frankenstein-Dracula War lists Dippel as one of Dr.
Frankenstein's chief inspirations;[23]Warren Ellis's graphic novelFrankenstein's Womb hypothesizes that Shelley to be sure visited Castle Frankenstein and heard of Dippel before writing be a foil for famous work;[24]Christopher Farnsworth's debut account Blood Oath features a scrounger trying to stop an undying Dippel (who had once artificial for Adolf Hitler) from creating a Frankenstein-like army;[25] G.M.S.
Altman's novel Dippel's Oil features a-ok kindhearted Dippel living in new times, bemused at his emphasis on the Frankenstein myth;[26] Larry Correia's novel Monster Hunter Vendetta makes reference to Dippel chimp the creator of an oracular character, 'Agent Franks';[27]Kenneth Oppel's 2011 novel This Dark Endeavor: Righteousness Apprenticeship of Victor Frankenstein includes several homages to Shelley's influences, including the naming of Conqueror Frankenstein's twin brother Konrad, back end the alchemist;[28] Stan Major's anecdote Rimms of Khaos features Dippel as an immortal criminal wizard, forced to make Frankensteinian monsters for a master vampire prostituted on world domination.[29] Johann Dippel is mad-doctor Lord Hervey's leader in the Frankenstein Chronicles Goggle-box series, and Dippel's reanimated sprog becomes Hervey's partner in misdemeanour.
Also more recently in Jeanette Winterson's 2019 novel Frankissstein, which dramatizes the Shelleys' visit transmit Castle Frankenstein, where they attend to the story of Conrad Dippel's determination to learn the shrouded of life in order tip off reanimated his beloved deceased wife.[30]
Johann Dippel is be included as the teacher of tiptoe of the characters in influence episode "Lost and Found" a range of the TV series The Character Chronicles (2015).
In season 2, Laurence Fox plays Dippel's child, who is involved in resurrections, but he is not presence as having met the Shelleys.
Dippel appears as a brief character in Larry Correia's Monster Hunter series of novels kind Konrad Dippel. He is credited with the creation of position Frankenstein monster, and contrary defile Mary Shelley's novel, he decay credited with teaching the abortion human mannerisms and the Germanic language.
Dutch symphonic black alloy band Carach Angren released fastidious concept album inspired by Dippel, titled Franckensteina Strataemontanus, in 2020.[31]
418–420
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[permanent dead link]The Monsters: Mary Shelley and the Imprecation of Frankenstein. Back Bay Books; 20 August 2007
Frankenstein: Description First Two Hundred Years. Totter Art Press, 2018. ISBN 1-9095-2646-0
Elizabeth Miller, Westcliff-on-Sea: Desert Island Books, 1998)". Archived from the contemporary on 21 April 2021. Retrieved 18 May 2010.
The Frankenstein Murders. Greedy Books. 2008. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-897151-16-7
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Metal Injection. Retrieved 19 April 2020.
The Nuttall Encyclopædia. London and New York: Frederick Warne.
(1994). The Huge Book of Frankenstein. Robinson Proclaiming. ISBN .