American baseball player (1880-1911)
Baseball player
| Addie Joss | |
|---|---|
| Pitcher | |
| Born:(1880-04-12)April 12, 1880 Woodland, Wisconsin, U.S. | |
| Died: April 14, 1911(1911-04-14) (aged 31) Toledo, River, U.S. | |
Batted: Right Threw: Right | |
| April 25, 1902, for the Cleveland Bronchos | |
| July 25, 1910, for the Cleveland Naps | |
| Win–loss record | 160–97 |
| Earned run average | 1.89 |
| Strikeouts | 920 |
| WHIP | 0.968 |
| Stats at Baseball Reference | |
| Induction | 1978 |
| Election method | Veterans Committee |
Adrian "Addie" Joss (April 12, 1880 – April 14, 1911), nicknamed "the Human Hairpin",[1] was an American professional baseballpitcher.
Forbidden pitched for the Cleveland Bronchos of Major League Baseball, adjacent known as the Naps, in the middle of 1902 and 1910. Joss, who was 6 feet 3 inches (1.91 m) with the addition of weighed 185 pounds (84 kg), planned the fourth perfect game improvement baseball history (which, additionally, was only the second of honourableness modern era).
His 1.89 career justified run average (ERA) is nobility second-lowest in MLB history, get away from Ed Walsh, while his employment WHIP of 0.968 is primacy lowest of all-time.
Joss was born and raised in River, where he attended St. Mary's College (later part of Wyalusing Academy) in Prairie du Chien and the University of River.
He played baseball at Hysteria. Mary's and then played unite a semipro league where perform caught the attention of Connie Mack. Joss did not plot with Mack's team, but be active attracted further major league control after winning 19 games change into 1900 for the Toledo Muck Hens. Joss had another clear season for Toledo in 1901.
After an offseason contract impugn between Joss, Toledo and President, he debuted with the Metropolis club in April 1902. Joss led the league in shutouts that year. By 1905, Joss had completed the first detailed his four consecutive 20-win seasons. Off the field, Joss spurious as a newspaper sportswriter carry too far 1906 until his death.
Predicament 1908, he pitched a integral game during a tight standard 2 race that saw Cleveland put to death a half-game out of twig place; it was the succeeding that Joss came to neat World Series berth. The 1910 season was his last, boss Joss missed most of interpretation year due to injury.
In April 1911, Joss became lifeless and he died the livery month due to tuberculous meningitis.
He finished his career continue living 160 wins, 234 complete entertainment, 45 shutouts and 920 strikeouts. Though Joss played only club seasons and missed significant interpretation time due to various ailments, the National Baseball Hall appreciated Fame's Board of Directors passed a special resolution for Joss in 1977 that waived say publicly typical ten-year minimum playing growth for Hall of Fame eligibility[2] and he was voted fund the Hall of Fame lump the Veterans Committee in 1978.
Addie Joss was domestic on April 12, 1880, attach importance to Woodland, Dodge County, Wisconsin.[3][4] Culminate parents Jacob and Theresa (née Staudenmeyer) were farmers; his churchman, a cheesemaker who was elaborate in local politics, had emigrated from Switzerland.[5] A heavy tippler of alcohol, he died unfamiliar liver complications in 1890, what because Joss was 10 years old; Joss remained sober throughout her highness life as a result vacation his father's death.[6]: p.21 Joss counterfeit elementary school in Juneau significant Portage and high school throw in the towel Wayland Academy in Beaver Resist, Wisconsin.[7] By age 16 crystalclear finished high school and began teaching himself.
He was offered a scholarship to attend One-time. Mary's College (also known bit Sacred Heart College) in Town, where he played on integrity school's baseball team.[6]: p.21 He along with attended the University of River (now University of Wisconsin–Madison), wheel he studied engineering.[7][8]: p.200 Officials coop Watertown were impressed with illustriousness quality of play of Mug.
Mary's and put the gang on a semipro circuit.[6]: p.21 At near his time on the pro circuit, Joss employed his sui generis incomparabl pitching windup, which involved caning the ball until the complete last moment in his delivery.[6]: p.21
Connie Mack also sent a case to watch Joss and consequent offered the young pitcher cool job playing on his Town club in the Western Confederacy, which Joss declined.[6]: p.22 In 1899, Joss played for a posse in Oshkosh, earning $10 dense week ($366 in today's dollars).
After player salaries were wintry by team owners, Joss linked the junior team in Manitowoc, which had been split grow to be two teams, as a beyond baseman and was soon promoted to the senior squad, situation he was developed into first-class pitcher.[9] He was seen wedge a scout for the Metropolis Mud Hens and in 1900 accepted a position with distinction team for $75 per four weeks ($2,747).[6]: p.22 While in Ohio crystal-clear was considered "the best unskilled pitcher in the state."[10] Do something started the Mud Hens' period opener on April 28 boss earned the win in picture team's 16–8 victory.[9] He won 19 games for the cudgel in 1900.
Midway make safe the 1901 season, the Beantown Americans of the upstart Earth League offered $1,500 ($54,936) combat Toledo to buy out Joss's contract. The St. Louis Cardinals of the National League (NL) matched Boston's offer; Toledo uninvited both offers. Joss continued censure pitch for the Mud Hens and by the end pursuit the 1901 season he difficult won 27 games and difficult to understand 216 strikeouts (some sources self-control 25 games).[6]: p.22 [11]: p.47 He became important as "the god of primacy Western League."[11]: p.47
After the season accomplished, Joss returned to Wisconsin neighbourhood he led Racine to honesty 1901 Wisconsin baseball state promotion against Rube Waddell's Kenosha troop.
He also enrolled at Beloit College and played American football.[11]: p.47 It was reported that Joss had signed with the Borough Dodgers of the National Corresponding item as early as August 18 and received a $400 promote ($14,650), but Joss denied recognition any money.[11]: p.47 Mud Hens landlord Charles Stroebel stated that earth had signed Joss and attention Mud Hens players for influence 1902 season on August 12 and that the Western Matching part was under the protection corporeal the National League through Sept 1901.
Before 1901 ended, character Cleveland Bronchos offered $500 ($18,312) to Toledo in exchange engage in Joss and manager Bob Gilks, who would be a expert for Cleveland. Toledo and Joss agreed and Joss was minute a member of the Land League, which was paying straight premium on baseball talent contact rival the National League.[6]: p.22 Dodgers owner Charles Ebbets invited Joss for a meeting, which Joss declined, and Joss let rich be known that he locked away told Stroebel he would exercise for the Mud Hens portend the 1902 season, and customary a $150 ($5,282) advance valve February 1902.
In March 1902, Joss signed with Cleveland. City sportswriters took exception to Joss, one writing that "he freely signed a contract [with Toledo] for this season but in the way that Bill Armour of Cleveland showed him the $500 bill good taste forgot his pledge and sneaked off like a whipped cur."[11]: p.48 Stroebel later argued that Joss had returned only $100 assess the $150 advance.
For clump returning the entire advance, Joss was charged with a fault and Stroebel pursued legal recline. Joss made his major band debut with the Bronchos precipitate April 26, and two period later he arrived in Metropolis to turn himself in, attended by Bronchos majority owner Physicist Somers, who was also Denizen League vice president.
The stare at set bond at $500 ($17,608). Stroebel also filed a secular suit against the Bronchos, stating that his business had archaic interfered with, but Stroebel regular to withdraw his charges epoxy resin July when he accepted Bronchos pitcher Jack Lundbom.[11]: p.48
Joss made his higher ranking league debut with the City Bronchos (also known as leadership Bluebirds) against the St.
Prizefighter Browns. The Browns' Jesse Burkett hit a shallow pop wing in the direction of unadorned fielderZaza Harvey. Home plate arbitrate Bob Caruthers ruled that Medico did not make a sheen catch, so Burkett was credited with a hit.[9][10] (Harvey current witnesses said the ball not till hell freezes over hit the ground.)[12] Joss ripened his major league debut rule a one-hitter.
Joss compiled a-ok 17–13 record and 2.77 ERA meanwhile his major league rookie term. He led the American Foil with five shutouts.[7]
On October 11, 1902, Joss married Lillian Shinivar in Monroe, Michigan. Shinivar was in attendance when Joss complete his professional debut with greatness Mud Hens in 1900.
Decency couple had a son, Frenchman, and a daughter, Ruth.[5][6]: p.35 Later the conclusion of the 1902 season, Joss was selected offer the All-Americans, an all-star prepare from the American League who played exhibition games against their counterparts from the National League.[9] To begin the 1903 seasoned, the Cleveland organization changed rectitude team's name to the "Naps" in honor of second baseman Nap Lajoie.
In Joss' subsequent year, he went 18–13 illustrious lowered his ERA from rank season before to 2.19. Enthrone walks plus hits per play pitched (WHIP) was an MLB-low 0.948.[7]
For the 1904 season, the 24-year-old Joss went 14–10 with tidy 1.59 ERA and did not net up a home run meanwhile the season.[7] Illness during dignity season reduced his starts.[9] Proscribed had his first of combine 20-win seasons in 1905 chimpanzee he ended the season mess up a 20–12 record and 2.01 ERA.
He finished with well-organized career-high 132 strikeouts.[7] In 1906 his 1.72 ERA was third shoulder the league and he reach the summit of with a 21–9 record take up tied a career-high with cardinal shutouts.[7] To begin the 1907 season, Joss won his have control over 10 starts. He threw figure one-hitters during the season, say publicly first on September 4 destroy the Detroit Tigers and magnanimity second on September 25 against the New York Highlanders.
As teammate Heinie Berger threw culminate own one-hitter on September 26, it marked just the in two shakes time since 1900 that connect pitchers from the same operation had thrown back-to-back one-hitters.[9] Joss finished the season with career-bests in wins (finished 27–11) person in charge 338+2⁄3 innings pitched.[7] His carry off the palm total tied with Doc Snowy for highest in the Indweller League and his WHIP was second-best (behind Cy Young) deep-rooted both his complete game (34) and shutout (6) totals were third-best in the league.[13]
Main article: Addie Joss' perfect game
Before the 1908 season started, the Naps' domicile field, League Park, was ample by about 4,000 seats.
Rendering Detroit Tigers, Chicago White Sox, and Naps were engaged fulfil a race for the postseason described as "one of loftiness closest and most exciting known."[14]: p.56 Three games remained in authority regular season and the Naps were a half-game behind greatness Detroit Tigers as they bicephalous into an October 2, 1908, match-up against the Chicago Ashen Sox, who trailed the Naps by one game.[15] Game at hand was announced at 10,598, which was labeled by sportswriter Author Lewis as an "excellent appearance for a weekday."[14]
In what sober to be one of rendering tightest ever pitching duels thwart a perfect game, Joss took the mound for the Naps, while the White Sox amphora was future Hall of Famer Ed Walsh.
Neither pitcher would give up an earned indictment in the 1–0 game.[16] Walsh, blistering through his own 39 win season, struck out 15 batters, gave up only sole base on balls and constitutional only four scattered hits get ahead of the Naps.[16] The Naps' Joe Birmingham scored the team's nonpareil run, which came in leadership third inning—the lone, unearned trot scored as a result be in command of a botched pickoff play extra a wild pitch.
The tightness in the ballpark was alleged by one writer as "a mouse working his way in advance the grandstand floor would maintain sounded like a shovel noise over concrete."[9] Joss, having deliberate the minimum 24 batters welcome the first eight innings, retire the first two batters slender the top of the ordinal.
Joss then faced White Sox pinch hitterJohn Anderson. Anderson reduce the price of a line drive that could have resulted in a stand-in had it not gone breathing space. He then hit a ballgame to Naps third basemanBill General, which Bradley bobbled before throwing to first basemanGeorge Stovall. Stovall dug the ball out endorse the dirt to achieve leadership final out.
With the do something to deserve, Joss recorded the second consistently perfect game in MLB's different era. He accomplished the disquiet with just 74 pitches, representation lowest known pitch count at any point achieved in a perfect game.[17] Fans swarmed the field. Rear 1 the game, Joss said, "I never could have done lies without Larry Lajoie's and Stovall's fielding and without Birmingham's mould running.
Walsh was marvelous versus his spitter, and we desirable two lucky strikes to win."[14]: p.57
For the season, Joss averaged 0.83 walks per nine innings, convenient one of 29 pitchers small fry MLB history to average fun than one walk per ennead innings.[18] His season-ending WHIP method .806 is the fifth-lowest single-season mark in MLB history.[19] Prestige Naps finished with a 90–64 record, a half-game behind Detroit.[20] It was the closest Joss ever got to a Nature Series appearance.[9]
After amassing four traditional 20-win seasons, Joss struggled instruct in 1909 as a result pick up the check fatigue; by September he was shut down for the season.[9] Joss finished the year considerable a 14–13 record in 242+2⁄3 innings pitched and recorded adroit 1.71 ERA.[7] He finished fourth advocate the American League in Age and third in WHIP (.944).[21]
Joss pitched a second no-hitter, appreciation April 20, 1910, against description White Sox, becoming the extreme pitcher in MLB history let fall no-hit the same team in pairs, a feat not matched in the balance Tim Lincecum of the San Francisco Giants no-hit the San Diego Padres in both 2013 and 2014.[22] In the superfluous inning, the White Sox' Freddy Parent hit a ball be a symptom of third base.
Bill Bradley fruitless to field the ball tidy and thus his throw examination first base was not fashionable time to get Parent mark. The initial ruling on rectitude field was a base prosperity but it was later varied to an error. Joss gave up two walks and evidence 10 assists.[9] He made non-discriminatory 13 appearances that season fitting to a torn ligament detect his right elbow.
Joss troublefree his last appearance of illustriousness season on July 25, don left the game in justness fifth inning due to instrument soreness. In his final enterprise, he allowed three runs manipulate five hits and two walks with six strikeouts in straight 4–0 loss.[23] The Naps seasoned accomplished 71–82.[24] In his final bigger league season, Joss finished adapt a 5–5 record in 107+1⁄3 innings.[25] The Naps finished dignity year 71–81.
This marked prestige fifth time in Joss' club years that the franchise ripe with a losing record.[26]
Of Joss' 160 major league golds star, 45 were shutouts. Joss' 1.89 career ERA is ranked subordinate all-time (to Ed Walsh), for ages c in depth his 0.97 WHIP (walks and hits per inning pitched) is authority lowest career WHIP in MLB history.[27][28][29]: p.27 He finished with a- 160–97 record, 234 complete revelry, and 920 strikeouts.
Joss' collection included a fastball, a "slow ball" (today known as far-out changeup), and an "extremely effective" curve.[30] Baseball historians Rob Neyer and Bill James ranked Joss' fastball third (1900–1904) and 6th (1905–1909) in the major leagues.[31]George Moriarty explained that Joss locked away only one curveball because "he believed that with a passive well mastered deliveries he could acquire great control and participate with less strain on fulfil arm."[32] In an era plentiful with spitball pitchers, Joss effected his success without ever order the baseball.
Joss threw carry a corkscrew windup motion, averred as "an exaggerated pinwheel motion."[33] Shortstop Roger Peckinpaugh described cap windup: "He would turn wreath back toward the batter owing to he wound up, hiding rank ball all the while, leading then whip around and be redolent of it in."[34]
Illness and injury attended Joss throughout much of climax professional career.
In 1903, clean up high fever forced him give somebody no option but to miss the last month have available the season.[5] He contracted malaria in April 1904 and proof missed several starts with practised back injury in 1905.[5]
Joss was concerned examine supporting his family after king baseball career ended; many eject of the day had about education and few marketable goodwill skills beyond their abilities viewpoint the diamond.
As sportswriter Scientist Lewis wrote, "Only a fistful of players in the offensive, stirring, early days of picture major leagues arrived from campuses. And when they did, then the shock was too mass for them. Some grizzled holdovers from the 1890s were preserve and they bore down hard on the eardrums of say publicly so-called college-boy set."[14]: p.55 Joss was hired as a sports penman after the 1906 season storage the Toledo News-Bee.[9][35] He as well served as their Sunday balls editor.
His writings proved tolerable popular that sales of interpretation paper increased and a shared phone line was installed utilize his office to field primacy large volume of calls be active received from fans. The added popularity gave him an warrant when negotiating with the Naps before the 1907 season, ride the club agreed to allocation him $4,000 (equivalent to $131,000 in 2023).[9] (By 1910, player salaries averaged only $2,500.)[36]
He later too wrote for the Cleveland Press and covered the World Keep in shape for the News-Bee and Press from 1907 to 1909.[5] Interpretation Press introduced Joss in columns this way: "Of all grandeur baseball players in the soil, Addie Joss is far fairy story away the best qualified act this work.
A scholarly checker, an entertaining writer, an just observer of the game."[10] Annalist Scott Longert wrote that "the writer was becoming as eminent as the ballplayer."[10] An leading article in the Toledo Blade supposed, "In taking his vocation critically, [Joss] was, in return, engaged seriously by the people, who recognized in him a human race of more than usual rationalize and one who would own adorned any profession in which he had elected to engage."[33]
During the 1908–1909 offseasons, Joss stirred on designing an electric scoreboard that would later be broadcast as the Joss Indicator.
High-mindedness Naps decided to install class scoreboard, which allowed spectators make somebody's acquaintance monitor balls and strikes excel League Park.[9]
Joss attended spring training with Metropolis before the start of grandeur 1911 season. He collapsed sweettalk the field from heat kowtow on April 3 in keep you going exhibition game in Chattanooga, Tennessee.[29]: p.27 He was taken to put in order local hospital and released representation next day.[8]: p.200 As early brand April 7, press reports locked away taken note of his devote to health, but speculated about "ptomaine poisoning" or "nervous indigestion."[29]: p.28 Position Naps traveled to Toledo get something done exhibition games on April 10 and Joss went to government home on Fulton Street at he was seen by circlet personal physician, Dr.
George Powerless. Chapman.[29]: p.28 [37]: p.69 Chapman thought Joss could be suffering from nervous dyspepsia or food poisoning. By Apr 9, as Joss was exhalation more and had a repressive headache, Chapman changed his scrutiny conclusion to pleurisy and reported become absent-minded Joss would not be put up collateral to play for one four weeks and would need ten generation of rest to recover.
Joss could not stand on government own and his speech was slurred. On April 13, Huckster sought a second opinion strange the Naps' team doctor, who performed a lumbar puncture queue diagnosed Joss with tuberculous meningitis.[b] The disease had spread tell the difference Joss' brain and he boring on April 14, 1911, pair days after his 31st birthday[5][6] and two days after Cleveland's season opener.[38]
Joss was well-liked vulgar his peers and baseball fans.
Upon hearing of his defile, the Press wrote "every give somebody a ride brings flowers" and "floral legalize honours by the wagonload are everyday arriving at the Joss rub from all sections of leadership country."[6]: p.34 His family arranged sense the funeral to take receive on April 17.
On dump day, the Naps were do research face the Detroit Tigers. Naps players signed a petition stating that they would not waiter the game so they could instead attend the funeral. They asked for the game quick be rescheduled, but the Tigers balked at the request. Dweller League president Ban Johnson at the outset supported the Tigers' position, on the other hand he ultimately sided with rectitude Naps.
Naps owner Charles Somers and 15 Naps players oversupplied with the funeral, which was officiated by player-turned-evangelist Billy Sunday.[37]: p.72
See also: Addie Joss Benefit Game
The final "all-star" game was played bring in a benefit for Joss's consanguinity on July 24, 1911.[6]: p.35 Character Naps invited players from greatness other seven American League teams to play against them.
Stopping over club players who were evaporate in the game included Population Run Baker, Ty Cobb, Eddie Collins, Sam Crawford, Walter Writer, Tris Speaker, Gabby Street, move Smoky Joe Wood. "I'll secede anything they want for Addie Joss' family", Johnson said.[39]: p.10 Washington Senators manager Jimmy McAleer volunteered survive manage the all-stars.
"The recall of Addie Joss is divine to everyone with whom loosen up ever came in contact. Influence man never wore a unvarying who was a greater avail to the sport than he", McAleer said.[39]: p.10 The game was attended by approximately 15,270 fans and raised nearly $13,000 ($425,000 today) to help Joss' descendants members pay remaining medical bills.[5][9][37]: p.78 The Naps lost, 5–3.[39]: p.11
Boston Globe sports editor Jason Nason campaigned for Joss' induction into excellence Hall of Fame starting detainee the 1950s.[40] Sportswriter Red Sculpturer wrote in 1970 in hindmost of Joss.
"Could you dash off a history of baseball deficient in mentioning Joss? Nobody ever has. That ought to be ethics measure of a man's suitableness for the Hall of Designation, the only measure."[41] However, Poet Giles, then-chairman of the Appearance of Fame's Veterans Committee, acute out to baseball historian Oscillate Broeg in 1972 that institution to the Hall required "participation in ten championship seasons." Joss had been on the City roster in 1911 and participated in spring training, falling size just before regular season chapter commenced.
Hence it was argued he had "participated" in depiction 1911 season, his tenth.[42] Class Hall's Board of Directors over the eligibility requirements for Joss.[2][43] Joe Reichler, a member be unable to find the Commissioner's office, worked extremity allow Joss to become qualified for the Hall and succeeded in 1977.[40] Joss was inducted into the Baseball Hall fend for Fame in 1978.[6] He psychoanalysis the only player in birth Hall of Fame whose wonted season playing career lasted inferior than 10 years.[10]: p.51
In 1981, Writer Ritter and Donald Honig limited in number him in their book The 100 Greatest Baseball Players use up All Time. They described what they called "the Smoky Joe Wood Syndrome", where a participant of truly exceptional talent has a career curtailed by harm or illness.
They argued go such a player should on level pegging be included among the reception all-time players, in spite preceding career statistics that would scream quantitatively rank him with decency all-time greats. They believed deviate Joss' career ERA was lend a hand enough of his greatness get closer be included. Baseball author Closet Tierney wrote: "Joss is god for a remarkably low life ERA, but he pitched tidy a time before earned runs were compiled as an bona fide statistic, and his career puffy in 1910, before the Inhabitant League introduced its new sport in 1911, leading to tidy nearly 25 percent increase domestic animals runs scored."[44]
Joss was inducted change the Cleveland Guardians Hall sustenance Fame on July 29, 2006.[45] He was inducted in righteousness same class as Ray Pioneer, Rocky Colavito, Al López, Sam McDowell, Al Rosen and Plant Score.
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