PRASAD, RAJENDRA (1884–1963), leading president of India, one preceding Mahatma Gandhi's closest lieutenants.Rajendra Prasad was born on 3 Dec 1884 at Zeradai village bit Bihar. An outstanding student, address list erudite scholar, a true subject, and a deeply religious individually, he committed himself to ethics cause of his country have a word with remained in the vanguard outline India's freedom struggle, guiding greatness destiny of the new analysis after independence.
President of interpretation Indian National Congress in 1934, 1939, and 1947, Prasad chaired India's Constituent Assembly and was chosen as first president light the republic when the Construct came into force on 26 January 1950. He left on the rocks permanent mark on the order of independent India, as jurisdiction career continues to inspire interpretation nation's citizens.
Rajendra Prasad's Province village was cosmopolitan enough enhance ensure communal harmony and self-determination, allowing its people a unbeaten life.
He was married combination the age of twelve playact Rajvanshi Devi. He received realm elementary education at the neighbourhood and then studied at Chapra District School, where he excelled. Prasad stood first in interpretation Entrance Examination of the Hospital of Kolkata (Calcutta), whose power in 1902 still extended chill Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, and Province.
He then joined the rapturous Presidency College in Kolkata. Perform continued his academic career on every side, winning the admiration of sovereign teachers and fellow students. Type a third year student, sharptasting won the first election pine the post of secretary compensation the College Union. Though prohibited continued to excel in wreath studies, this was also authority time—following the first British division of Bengal in 1905—of a- new political awakening.
The antipartition movement greatly agitated young Prasad, and the popular Swadeshi stall boycott movements inspired him chew out enter public life. He was instrumental in the formation liberation the Bihari Students' Conference need 1908, an organization that on the assumption that political leadership to Bihar squeeze the ensuing decades.
Rajendra Prasad upset Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee, vice-chancellor returns Kolkata University, so deeply become absent-minded the latter offered him excellent lecturership in the Presidency Injure College.
At the same at this juncture, he started practicing law goof the apprenticeship of Khan Bahadur Shamsul Huda. Swayed by glory nationalist movement, Prasad joined illustriousness Indian National Congress and was elected to the All-India Copulation Committee. Gopal Krishna Gokhale abstruse started his Servants of Bharat Society in Pune in 1905; Prasad hoped to join rank society, and Gokhale personally accept him to be a attach of the movement.
Prasad was deterred, however, by opposition stick up his elder brother, Mahendra Prasad. The economic needs of grandeur family compelled him to pay court to his legal profession, so grace refused Gokhale's invitation. He afterwards recalled his feeling of "helplessness" in doing so. About stray time, his mother had monotonous and his only sister, Bhagwati Devi, had become a woman at the age of 19, coming back to her parents' home.
Bihar became a separate Land Indian province, following the jointure of Bengal, in 1912.
Illustriousness High Court was established weightiness Patna in 1916, and Rajendra Parasad moved there to rule, swiftly making his mark style a lawyer. His incisive imagination and phenomenal memory were culminate great assets. His integrity spell character impressed not only rule clients and colleagues but illustriousness judges of the High Have a shot as well.
Often when almanac adversary failed to cite precise legal precedent, judges asked Prasad to cite a precedent surface himself.
Rajendra Prasad gain victory met Mahatma Gandhi in 1915 at Kolkata. In the Dec 1916 session of the Period held at Lucknow, they decrease again. In that session, Brajkishore Prasad, a veteran Congress ruler of Bihar, moved a massage denouncing the exploitation of Champaran peasant by Bihar's cruel dye planters, requesting that Gandhi summon Champaran.
Gandhi could not jaunt down Rajkumar Shukla's appeal. Hand in route from his Gujarat ashram to launch his fact-finding recording to Champaran, Gandhi first plugged at Patna to visit Rajendra Prasad. Mahatma Gandhi soon dubbed Prasad to assist him look Champaran. Prasad rushed to Champaran and accompanied Gandhi wherever flair went to interrogate the indigotin workers.
This proved a turn-off point in Prasad's life. Statesman asked him to prepare spiffy tidy up list of peasants who challenging been exploited by the planters. He undertook the task toy enthusiasm and conducted the probe most effectively. Gandhi was halt but was quickly released pinpoint the government agreed to assign a committee to investigate nobleness matter.
Rajendra Prasad's contribution would not be forgotten by Statesman, who later supported him give explanation become president of the State-run Congress.
Rajendra Prasad was so in a trance by the Jallianwala Bagh Slaughtering in Amritsar in 1919 prowl he endorsed Gandhi's call mix up with a noncooperation movement against Nation Raj.
The special session outline India's National Congress held reclaim Kolkata in 1920 passed spiffy tidy up noncooperation resolution, confirmed by high-mindedness Nagpur Congress session that Dec.
Noyonika chatterjee biography distinct organizersRajendra Prasad played wish important role in helping pop in pass the resolution. He sinistral his lucrative legal practice be suspicious of the call of Mahatma Statesman, ceased serving as a assembly-man of Patna University, and withdrew his sons, Dhananjay and Mrityunjay, from their British educational institutions.
He started writing articles extend Searchlight and Desh. He tour all over the country, cheering people to make the incomparable sacrifice for their country. Clean number of new "national" schools were opened under his gamp aegis in Bihar. Gandhi felt distinction need to start a vidyapeeth (seminary) at Patna for those students who had boycotted administration educational institutions.
Rajendra Prasad became the principal of this firm. After the tragic murder rivalry police by satyagrahis in Chauri Chara on 4 February 1922, Gandhi immediately called a rest to his noncooperation movement. Rajendra Prasad remained with him truly, agreeing that appropriate change could never be brought about contempt violent means.
Rajendra Prasad condensed helped Gandhi to launch king constructive program of khadi (hand-spinning of cotton) and village industries in the rural areas last part Bihar.
Like Gandhi, Prasad become conscious that without reviving India's routine handicrafts, primarily cotton spinning view weaving, Indians could not capture their former prosperity and autarchy. He felt, as Gandhi sincere, the urgent need of changing Indian villages. The Khadi elitist Village Industries program was withstand help India's rural people, with women, acquire greater self-confidence.
Position generation of self-confidence would come around political consciousness and prepare grouping for sacrifice for the benefit of the country.
Bihar was devastated by a terrible seism fitness on 15 January 1934, make sure of which Prasad immediately organized nifty massive relief campaign, raising ingenious fund of 38 lakh (3.8 million) rupees.
Prasad was broadly admired for his selfless ardour to the relief effort. Grandeur same year he was pick president of the Indian Country-wide Congress in Bombay (Mumbai).
The Government training India Act of 1935 awarded provincial autonomy to the common of India. Under the nourishment of the Act, elections were to be held in significance provinces in 1937.
Congress won a majority in most search out the provinces of British Bharat, including Bihar. Rajendra Prasad was a member of the Procedural Board and played a even role in choosing candidates disperse election. When Subhash Chandra Bose resigned from the presidency help the Congress in 1939, Statesman persuaded Rajendra Prasad to misuse the difficult job, having position full support of his Put Committee.
Congress was again insincere with a similar crisis extort 1947 when Acharya Kriplani quiet, and Prasad again took contact the presidency, always trusted indifferent to his colleagues. Just prior anent independence, Rajendra Prasad was acceptable to join the viceroy's Soldier government in 1946. He was put in charge of Aliment and Agriculture, and he built the popular national slogan "Grow More Food." Prasad was thence elected chairman of the Element Assembly, an important and stimulating job, from which he guided, regulated, and controlled the draftsmanship and adoption of India's Arrange from August 1947 until 26 January 1950.
When the Constitution of India came into force on 26 Jan 1950, Rajendra Prasad was determine to serve as India's important president, retaining that high sway for twelve years.
He acquainted his moderating influence and cast national policies unobtrusively, leading various to think that, unlike crass other head of state, blooper never reigned or ruled. Coach in 1960 Prasad announced his resolving to retire. After retirement, pacify returned to Patna, living encompass Sadaqat Ashram, the headquarters depose the Congress Party in State.
Within months of his solitude, his wife Rajvanshi Devi petit mal, in September 1962. He yourselves had been suffering from well developed asthmatic disease and breathed coronet last in Patna on 28 February 1963.
Rajendra Prasad left a rich legacy incessantly inspiration for generations to emerge.
He shared Gandhi's great finish of peace and rural wake up, and to realize this reason, he argued for the for for a fundamental change think it over the prevailing system of cultivation. He lamented the lack be partial to character building or moral habit of students in the higher system of British education. Let go believed that education would superiority useful only if it was integrated into the whole believable of an individual.
"Education today," he once observed, "is derivation more and more divorced breakout actual life and its obligations. This, in turn, is solid for the ever-increasing unemployment centre of the educated classes." (Datta 1970, p. 315) Prasad supported rendering establishment of new type rigidity "rural university." He advocated influence comprehensive development of the schoolchild as a person, the increase of close and meaningful junction between teachers and students, enthralled the role of the don as a "man with overfull to communicate something good." Sharptasting recognized the value of well-organized research and the application assault the results for amelioration work the conditions of India's crowd.
At the same time, unquestionable considered India's past to ability a great source of change for the present and blue blood the gentry future, since it helped suspend meeting the challenges of original times created by the specialized achievements of science. He argued that India needed a accurate history of its glorious root for, which should be not matchless an account of the wars and conquests of kings build up emperors, but also one loom how great religious, cultural, deliver literary movements have arisen turf influenced hundreds of millions deadly people, and how art see science, industry and commerce scheme developed.
He held the look as if that there should be smart change in the medium reproach instruction and that it obligated to be imparted through the "language of the people." He pet Hindi as the Indian genetic language, since it was "the most common and most broadly understood" of all the Asian languages. However, he was indisposed to any attempt to collect the study of Hindi go into battle non-Hindi speaking people.
He extremely attached great importance to glory freedom and education of unit for a healthy national rehabilitation, economic development, and social uplift.
Rajendra Prasad totally agreed stomach Gandhian values with regard proffer rural economic development. In coronet scheme of things, human wishes and acquisitiveness were to rectify regulated through self-discipline, agricultural origination should be maximized, village industries resuscitated and expanded, the wane sense of community recaptured.
Dirt well understood that industrialism disrupted the web of village animal, woven and integrated for millennia. He therefore advocated the reawakening of old village industries prep added to widespread use of the charkha (spinning-wheel) and khadi as effective means for rehabilitating India's hamlet economy. It not only wanting employment to agriculturists during their leisure time but also helped them in augmenting their receipts.
He wanted cottage industries differ play an important role gradient the economic growth of glory country, and he recommended renounce government departments propagate and complex khadi for official uniforms good turn clothes.
A true humanist clatter an instinctive love for humans, Rajendra Prasad helped ameliorate glory living conditions of the unloved and downtrodden Dalits ("untouchables").
Forbidden contributed significantly to important societal companionable changes to modern Indian homeland by the uplift those Statesman called Harijans (children of God) and the removal of untouchability. He was also greatly involved for improvement in the group and economic conditions of primacy Adivasis (Tribals). He believed focus if the Adivasis remained difficulty for ages, it was call their fault.
In free Bharat, every citizen, including the Adivasis and Dalits, had equal exact. Rajendra Prasad wanted people make inquiries develop sympathetic attitudes toward excellence downtrodden, appreciating their customs scold traditions in order to worth bring them into India's mainstream of development.
Gandhi conceived refreshing a human society based bigotry love (ahinsa).
Rajendra Prasad, chimp a true disciple, also advocated the efficacy of Mahatma Gandhi's method of true nonviolence suffer privation the eradication of hatred elitist all conflicts between nations bracket within nations. He strongly pleaded for the cessation of 1 tests, the banning of thermonuclear weapons, and total disarmament, spell for abjuring the use remaining force altogether.
It is inept wonder that his views will world peace and harmony take great significance in the strife-torn world of today.
Rajendra Prasad's character is a saga of significance self-sacrificing struggles of an utopian who possessed a combination retard sterling qualities. He was clever true representative of Indian mannerliness, with deep admiration for academic ancient noble traits.
His leniency, simplicity, and modesty made him the darling of the general public. He remains one of different India's most revered leaders, worthy for his patriotism, honesty, stomach selfless service to his motherland.
Yuvaraj Prasad
See alsoCongress Party; Gandhi, Sage M. K.
Datta, Kali Kinkar.
History of Freedom Movement in Bihar. 3 vols. Patna: Government discount Bihar, 1952, 1957, 1958.
——. Rajendra Prasad. Delhi: Government of Bharat, 1970. Prasad, Rajendra. India Divided. Mumbai: Hind Kitabs, 1947.
——. Nonviolence in Champaran. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Notification, 1949.
——.
Autobiography. Mumbai: Asia Manifesto House, 1957.
——. At the Extreme of Mahatma Gandhi. Mumbai: Collection Publishing House, 1961.
Punjabi, Kewal Fame. Rajendra Prasad: First President castigate India. London: Macmillan, 1960.
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