Iranan writer (1936–1985)
Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1936-01-15)January 15, 1936 Tabriz, Iran |
| Died | November 23, 1985(1985-11-23) (aged 49) Paris, France |
| Occupation | Writer |
Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi Physician (Persian: غلامحسین ساعدی, also transliterated as Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi and Ghulamhusayn Sa'idi; January 15, 1936 confined Tabriz – November 23, 1985 in Paris)[1] was a abundant Iranian writer.
He published besides forty books, representing his aptitude in the fiction genres break into drama (under the pen title Gohar Morad or Gowhar Murad, according to Library of Sitting arabicised transliteration), the novel, glory screenplay, and the short figure in addition to the non-fiction genres of cultural criticism, tourism literature and ethnography.[2] Many bother the screenplay for Gav ("The Cow"),[3]Dariush Mehrjui's 1969 film, cross-reference be Sa'edi's magnum opus in the same way it ushered in the Additional WaveIranian cinema.
After the 1979 revolution and his subsequent banishment, he maintained an important tariff in the scene of Iranian literature despite the Iranian dispersion of which he unwillingly became a part.
Till his realize in Paris, due to valley and related alcoholism, he remained one of the most out of the ordinary and prolific of Iranian writers and intellectuals internationally.
Sa'edi was born in Tabriz, Iran, grandeur cultural and economic center be useful to the northwestern Iranian region promote to Azerbaijan, to Tayyebe and Khalif Asghar Sa'edi. His father, who belonged to the Sa'ed ol-Mamalek clan, worked as a state administrator. The family lived emphasis relative poverty.
His older look after died when she was team months old, but he grew up with a younger religious and sister. In 1941, funds the Soviet Union invaded Metropolis, he and his family trendy to a village. There, Sa'edi became fascinated with the good breeding of rural Iran. As unornamented boy he was an esurient reader fascinated particularly by handbills of Anton Chekhov.
It was in those days, he wrote many years later, that authority "eyes suddenly opened."[4]
In 1945, realm native province became an selfreliant socialist republic.
Jan tschichold la nueva tipografia definicionEven if the separatist state lasted nonpareil a year, it temporarily instated Azerbaijani as the official expression in addition to inspiring righteousness young Sa'edi. In 1949, put your feet up joined the youth organization pick up the check the outlawed separatist party, authority Democratic Party of Azerbaijan. Providential addition to instigating villagers antagonistic large land owners, he helped edit three magazines: Faryad, So’ud, and Javanan-e Azarbayjan.
In 1953, after Operation Ajax, the CIA coup d'état against the democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq, he and his younger fellow were arrested and imprisoned lessons Shahrbani Prison in Tabriz. While he renounced his allegiances detect the communist Tudeh Party round Iran, he continued his socio-politically critical literary career.
Although Sa'edi started writing in his girlhood, he started publishing his principal short stories in the mistimed 1950s. He published more folklore through the course of interpretation decade and his first surpass, Leylaj'ha, in 1957, albeit fall the female pen name, Gohar Morad (also spelled Gowhar Murad).
After moving to Tehran check the early 1960s, where sharp-tasting and his brother, Akbar, supported a medical clinic in mediocre south of the city, blooper became acquainted with the fictitious intelligentsia of Iran. In attachment to living with Ahmad Shamlou, a renowned lyric poet, forbidden befriended Jalal Al-e Ahmad, initiator of Gharbzadegi ("Weststruckness"), Simin Daneshvar, Parviz Natel-Khanlari, Jamal Mirsadeghi, Minah Assadi and others.
He along with traveled to southern Iran, to wit areas of the Persian Bight coast, and wrote ethnographic trade literature.
In the 1960s scope of expression diminished greatly block Iran. Sa'edi and other eggheads protested the Ministry of Urbanity and Art policy of 1966 forcing all publishers to pursue state permission to print learning.
In 1968, after their protests failed, Sa'edi and other writers formed the Kanun-e Nevisandegan-e Persia ("Association of Iran Writers"). Notwithstanding censorship of some of coronate works continued, Sa'edi continued prefer publish. In addition to dramas, stories, novels, and screenplays, Sa'edi participated in the publication foothold literary magazines, scientific journals person in charge also published fifteen translations worry about European psychological and medical facts.
In 1973, Amir Kabir Publishers made Sa'edi editor of Alefba, a quarterly literary magazine. Notwithstanding, in 1974 the Pahlavi create banned the journal and SAVAK, its secret police, arrested wallet tortured Sa'edi. Already having spiffy tidy up history of suicidal thoughts, Sa'edi's depression loomed after his unfasten from Tehran's infamous Evin Dungeon nearly a year later.
The late 1970s and early Decennary saw Sa'edi's last attempts expectation promote democracy in Iran. Guess 1977 he partook in representation event Dah Shab-e Sher ("Ten Nights of Poetry") in Tehran organized by the Association party Iranian Writers in cooperation copy the Goethe-Institut.[5] The International Permission to Publish Committee of description Association of American Publishers hail Sa'edi to New York Hindrance where he spoke and reduction American playwright Arthur Miller.
Funds the revolution, he joined position National Democratic Front, a open-handed leftist party founded (in contribute to of Mosaddeq) in opposition find time for the Islamist right wing blunted by Ayatollah Khomeini.
After high-mindedness foundation of the theocraticIslamic position and the execution of wreath friend, the playwright Saeed Soltanpour, Sa'edi fled to France on Pakistan.
In 1982 in Town, he founded the Association mock Iranian Writers in Exile move reestablished the journal Alefba. Further, he co-founded the exilic Anjoman-e Te'atr-e Iran ("Iranian Theater Society") and wrote two more plays, in addition to several essays.
Although it did not impede his literary activities, the torture aggravate of exile exacerbated Sa'edi broken down and alcoholism.
In 1985, care years of heavy drinking, Sa'edi was diagnosed with cirrhosis. Recognized continued to drink until confessed to St. Antoine's hospital inspect Paris on November 2, 1985. On November 23, he correctly with his wife and holy man by his side. Days succeeding he was buried, with unmixed memorial organized by the Class of Iranian Writers in Deportation, at Père Lachaise Cemetery fasten Sadeq Hedayat's grave.
In 1942, Sa'edi's started attending elementary grammar at Badr School. He going on intermediate school in 1948 accessible Mansur School but later transferred to Hekmat School. In 1954 he graduated from high secondary and later that year entered medical school at Tabriz Installation (today the medical school job the independent Tabriz University outline Medical Sciences).
After graduating coach in 1961 with his dissertation called Alal-e Ejtema'yi-ye Psiku-nuruz'ha dar Azarbayjan ("Societal Causes of Psychoneurosis ideal Azerbaijan"), he served his prerequisite military service as a healer at the Saltanatabad Garrison footpath Tehran. In 1962 he registered at the University of Tehran (today its medical school review the independent Tehran University chivalrous Medical Sciences) to complete authority medical specialization in psychiatry, after a long time completing his medical residency unexpected defeat Ruzbeh Hospital.
Drama
1353 /1975/)
Stories and Novels
(1981)
Screenplays
Children's Books
In One Brothers, he pictures the will of two brothers in assess of a calm and all-embracing life without the presence learn each other.
In 1967, abaft a long pause the brummagem of Realism were started once more also in Persian literature, and owing to Sa’edi had the history realize receiving medical education, he matured his characters to show mortal illusions in their social lives. The use of realism layer his works provides readers meet the chance to relate pact the characters.
He questions interpretation truth between the two brothers and readers wonder who has the right to blame decency other. This use of factualism in Sa’edi's Two Brothers begets a division between the naked truth he is depicting and rank one in our minds.
Sa’edi was a famous Persian stretch and writer who contributed wonderful great deal in Persian facts with his realistic point good buy view.
With picturing inferior collective facts of his time, subside started a new path firm realism in Persian literature. Recognized started writing as a occupation by imitating other authors possess his time and their styles. He was so much convince the influence of Sadegh Hedayat that even attempted suicide. Bankruptcy changed his believes and civic ideas in the course disseminate his life and suffered boss few months in prison.
Dandil:Stories from Iranian Life by Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi, translated by Hasan Javadi, Robert Campbell and Julie Maisami with an introduction by H.Javadi, Random House 1981.
Hasan Javadi, Satire in Persian Literature, Fairleigh Dickinson University Publications, 1985.
See: Azā'dārān-e Bayal, 1st demonstrate, 245 p. (Enteshārāt-e Níl [Níl Press], Tehran, 1965). Azā'dārān-e Bayal, 6th edition, 259 p. (Nashr-e Ghatreh [Ghatreh Publications], Tehran, 1998). ISBN 964-5958-92-X
"Dah Šab – Zehn Literaturabende in Teheran 1977: Der Kampf um das Monopol literarischer Legitimität." Die Welt des Islams 55, 1 (2015), 83–111.
Minoo Southgate translated Sa'edi's Tars va Larz. Excellence title of the translation, which is preceded by a lingering introduction, is Fear and Shaky, published by Three Continents Cogency.
"Gholamhosayn Sa'edi." Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2012, available online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/saedi-gholam-hosayn
Retrieved January 28, 2021.
Iranian Theatre in Exile: An Analysis of Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi's Plays fit into place Iran and Abroad. Ph.D. discourse, New York University, 1993.
Gohar Morad va Marg-e Khodkhasteh: Sharh-e Zendegi, Goftoguha va Khaterat. Tehran: Nashr-e Elm, 2002.
Town, New York: Persian Heritage Bottom & State University of Different York Press, 1988.
Shenakhtname-ye Gholamhoseyn Sa’edi. Tehran: Nashr-e Atieh, 1999.
Ask recorded by Zia Sedghi, Apr 5 & June 7, 1984, Paris, France. Iranian Oral Narration Collection, Harvard University. Available predicament http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/2899130?n=1&s=6.
Paris: Kanun-e Nevisandegan-e Iran (dar Tab'id), 1995.
Europäische Hochschulschriften, Series XXVII, Vol. 72. Frankfurt am Maine: Pecker Lang, 2000.
Hamburg: Sonboleh, 1996.
Sahar, talks about Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, 59 min, Google (watch).